As a scientist, it’s important to be skeptical, lest quackery and “crackpottery” freely seep into scientific acceptance. But sometimes the scientists who are dismissed as quacks and crazies turn out to be right in the end, often vindicated by posthumous awards and even Nobel prizes. Here are some famous doctors and medical researchers who were considered nuts when they first introduced their findings to the scientific world, but were later found to be right — they changed the world for the better.